Curso → Level 4 · El pasado y el futuro → Lección 5
Level 4 · Lesson 5 Fui, hice, tuve
I went, I did, I had
Los pretéritos fuertes: una raíz nueva y unas terminaciones sin tilde.
Strong preterites: a changed stem plus unstressed, tilde-free endings.
Escucha · Listen
El día de ayer
Pablo, where were you yesterday?
I went to my grandmother's house. I walked a lot.
And what did you do there?
I made lunch and gave my grandmother a book.
I had a hard day. I couldn't get out of the house.
What happened?
My sister won a prize and the whole family went to the school.
How nice! I found that out this morning.
Explicación · Explanation
Unos verbos muy usados tienen una raíz nueva en el pasado y unas terminaciones propias: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Tener: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.
A dozen everyday verbs build this tense on a stem of their own and take a special set of endings with it: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Those endings never carry a tilde and never carry the stress — compare regular hablé, habló with strong tuve, tuvo. Learn the stems and the rest follows: tener gives tuv-, estar estuv-, andar anduv-, poder pud-, poner pus-, saber sup-, querer quis-, venir vin-, hacer hic-. So estuve, anduve, pude, puse, supe, quise, vine, and the same endings on every one.
Tres casos especiales. «Hacer» escribe z delante de o: hice, hiciste, hizo. «Ir» y «ser» tienen las mismas formas: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. «Dar» toma las terminaciones de «comer», cortas y sin tilde: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron.
Three of them need a footnote. hacer writes hizo with a z, purely to keep the sound before o. ir and ser share one single preterite — fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron — and only the sentence tells them apart: fui a México is 'I went', fui estudiante is 'I was'. dar is an -ar verb that borrows the -er endings, and because the forms are single syllables they take no tilde at all: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron. ver behaves the same way: vi, viste, vio.
«Ganar» es un verbo regular: gané, ganaste, ganó. Y «saber» en pasado marca un momento: «supe» es el momento de saber una cosa.
Two closing notes. ganar is a plain -ar verb — gané, ganaste, ganó — a useful reminder that the strong group is a closed list and that everything outside it is still regular. And saber shifts its sense in this tense: supe is not the state of knowing but the moment of finding out, so supe eso ayer means 'I found that out yesterday'. The tense of lesson 8 will give you the other side of that verb.
Vocabulario · Vocabulary
| Palabra | Meaning | Nota · Note |
|---|---|---|
| dar | to give | di, diste, dio |
| saber | to know (a fact) | supe, supiste, supo |
| andar | to walk, to go about | anduve, anduviste, anduvo |
| ganar | to win, to earn | regular: gané, ganaste, ganó |
| premio | prize |
Práctica · Practice
Ponlo en práctica · Use it
Cuenta el día de ayer otra vez, ahora con verbos fuertes: «Ayer fui a…», «Hice…», «Tuve…», «No pude…», «Anduve mucho». Después habla de un amigo: «Fue a…», «Hizo…», «Tuvo…».
Say five sentences about yesterday using fui, hice, tuve, pude and anduve, then say the same day about somebody else: fue, hizo, tuvo, pudo, anduvo. Keep the stress on the stem as you speak — TUve, not tuVE — because that flat, tilde-free ending is exactly what marks these verbs off from the regular ones of the last two lessons.