Concordancia · Agreement Tables

Pick a model word to see its full paradigm.

el · la — formas propias artículo determinado · the (definite article)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	el	la
Plural	los	las

Spanish has no cases: el, la, los, las never change for the role the noun plays — only for gender and number. Two things to remember. (1) Before a feminine noun that BEGINS with a stressed a- or ha-, the singular article is el, not la: el agua, el águila, el aula, el hacha, el hambre. The noun stays feminine, so the adjective does too: el agua está fría, el águila blanca — and the plural is regular: las aguas, las águilas. This swap affects only the article: demonstratives keep the feminine form (esta agua, esa aula, not este agua). (2) el contracts with two prepositions: a + el = al, de + el = del (voy al mercado, la casa del maestro). There is no contraction with the pronoun él (se lo di a él) nor before a capitalised name (vengo de El Salvador). Alongside these four forms Spanish has the neuter article lo, which never takes a noun and has no plural: lo bueno, lo mejor, lo difícil ("what is good / the good part").

un · una — apócope de uno artículo indeterminado · a, an / some (indefinite article)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	un	una
Plural	unos	unas

un is the apocopated (shortened) form of uno, used only in front of a noun: un libro, un buen amigo. Standing alone as a pronoun, the full form comes back: ¿Tienes un lápiz? — Sí, tengo uno; uno de mis hermanos. Like the definite article, un is also used before a feminine noun beginning with stressed a-/ha-: un aula, un águila, un hacha — but the noun remains feminine (un aula pequeña, unas aulas). The plurals unos/unas mean "some, a few" (unas amigas mías) and, before a number, "about": unos veinte años.

este — -e / -a demostrativo · this / these (near the speaker)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	este	esta
Plural	estos	estas

Spanish has a three-way deixis that matches its three place adverbs: este (aquí, by me) · ese (ahí, by you) · aquel (allí, over there). Note the masculine singular ends in -e, not -o: este libro, never *esto libro. The form esto is the NEUTER demonstrative, which points at a thing not yet named, an idea or a whole situation; it has no plural and never takes a noun: esto no me gusta, ¿qué es esto? Since the 2010 RAE spelling reform none of these words carries a tilde, not even when used as a pronoun (este es mío, formerly éste). Do not confuse esta (demonstrative, esta casa) with está (the verb, está en casa) — the tilde is the only difference.

ese — -e / -a demostrativo · that / those (near the listener)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	ese	esa
Plural	esos	esas

ese points to what is near the person you are speaking to, or to something just mentioned: dame ese libro (the one by you); ese día llovió. Its neuter is eso, with no plural and no noun: eso es todo, ¡eso sí que no! Like este, ese takes no tilde in modern spelling, whether it accompanies a noun or replaces it (ese me gusta más). Colloquially a stressed ese before the noun can carry a note of contempt — ese hombre otra vez — which is why the neutral choice for a person is usually a name or él/ella.

aquel — -l / -lla demostrativo · that (over there) / those (yonder)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	aquel	aquella
Plural	aquellos	aquellas

The third and most distant demonstrative — far from both speaker and listener in space, or far in time: aquella casa del final de la calle; en aquellos años. It is the only demonstrative whose masculine singular does not end in -e: aquel, with a doubled ll in every other form (aquella, aquellos, aquellas). aquel is aguda and ends in -l, so it takes no tilde; the older pronoun spelling aquél is no longer recommended. Its neuter is aquello (aquello fue un desastre). In narration aquel often pairs with este to mean "the former … the latter": Juan y Pedro llegaron; este cantó y aquel bailó.

mío — -o / -a (tónico) posesivo · mine, of mine (first-person stressed possessive)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	mío	mía
Plural	míos	mías

Spanish has two possessive series. The stressed one (mío, mía, míos, mías) goes AFTER the noun or after ser: un amigo mío, esta casa es mía, ¡Dios mío! The unstressed one goes BEFORE the noun and does not show gender at all: mi hermano, mi hermana, mis libros, mis hijas — it agrees only in number. All four stressed forms carry a tilde because í and o are in hiatus, so mí-o counts as two syllables (mí-a, mí-os, mí-as). Keep two more tildes straight: mí is the pronoun after a preposition (para mí, sin mí) while mi is the possessive; and con + mí gives the fused form conmigo.

tuyo — -o / -a (tónico) posesivo · yours, of yours (second-person stressed possessive)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	tuyo	tuya
Plural	tuyos	tuyas

Same two-series system as mío: stressed tuyo/tuya/tuyos/tuyas after the noun or after ser (un libro tuyo, la culpa es tuya), unstressed tu/tus before it, with no gender distinction (tu padre, tu madre, tus amigos). tuyo has no tilde — tu-yo is a plain llana ending in a vowel — but the pronoun tú does, and it is the only thing that separates it from the possessive tu: tú tienes tu libro. The third-person possessive su/suyo is ambiguous (his, her, your-usted, their), so when clarity matters Spanish spells it out with de: no la casa suya but la casa de él, de ella, de usted, de ellos.

nuestro — -o / -a posesivo · our, ours (first-person plural possessive)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	nuestro	nuestra
Plural	nuestros	nuestras

nuestro is special: it is the only possessive (with vuestro) that shows gender in BOTH positions — before the noun, where mi and tu are invariable, and after it. So nuestra casa but mi casa; nuestros hijos, la patria nuestra. It agrees with the thing possessed, never with the possessor: a group of women still says nuestro coche, because coche is masculine. The parallel second-person plural vuestro/vuestra/vuestros/vuestras belongs to Spain, where vosotros is used; in Latin America ustedes replaces vosotros and the possessive is su or de ustedes.

bueno — -o / -a + apócope adjetivo · good (model -o/-a adjective with apocope)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	bueno	buena
Plural	buenos	buenas

The model adjective class: -o for masculine, -a for feminine, plus -s in the plural. It agrees with its noun, not with the speaker: un vino bueno, una idea buena, unos días buenos. Before a MASCULINE SINGULAR noun bueno loses its final -o (apocope): un buen hombre, buen día, buen viaje — but never in the feminine (buena mujer), never in the plural (buenos amigos) and never after the noun (un hombre bueno). The same apocope hits a small family of words: malo → mal (mal tiempo), primero → primer (el primer piso), tercero → tercer, ciento → cien (cien euros), Santo → San (San Juan, but Santo Tomás, Santo Domingo), and grande → gran before a singular noun of either gender (un gran hombre, una gran mujer). Adjectives that do not end in -o have ONE form for both genders and vary only in number: un libro grande / una casa grande, un día feliz / una vida feliz (plural felices), azul → azules.

alguno — -o / -a + apócope indefinido · some, any (positive indefinite)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	alguno	alguna
Plural	algunos	algunas

Before a masculine singular noun it apocopates to algún, and the lost syllable takes a tilde with it: algún día, algún problema, algún libro — the word is now aguda and ends in -n, so the tilde is obligatory. The full form survives as a pronoun (alguno de vosotros lo sabe) and in the feminine (alguna vez, alguna cosa). The RAE also admits the apocopated form before a feminine noun beginning with stressed a-: algún aula or alguna aula. The plurals mean "a few, several": algunos amigos, algunas semanas. Note the pair alguien / algo for people and things in general (alguien llamó, algo pasa), which never inflect.

ninguno — -o / -a + apócope indefinido · no, none, not any (negative indefinite)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	ninguno	ninguna
Plural	ningunos	ningunas

The mirror image of alguno, with the same apocope and the same tilde: ningún problema, ningún día — but ninguna razón, and the pronoun ninguno de ellos vino. The plural forms ningunos/ningunas are rare; they appear mainly with nouns that exist only in the plural: no tengo ningunas ganas, no encontré ningunas tijeras. The syntax is what really matters: when the negative word comes AFTER the verb, Spanish requires a second negation before it — no vino ninguno, no tengo ningún problema — and when it comes BEFORE the verb, the no disappears: ninguno vino, ninguna de ellas lo sabía. This double negation is standard, not sloppy, and works the same way with nadie, nada and nunca.

todo — -o / -a indefinido · all, whole, every

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	todo	toda
Plural	todos	todas

todo never apocopates, and unlike English it goes BEFORE the article, not after it: todo el día (the whole day), toda la noche, todos los días (every day), todas las semanas. In the singular it means "whole", in the plural "every / all": toda la ciudad = the whole city, todas las ciudades = every city. It also stands alone as a pronoun — todos vinieron, las quiero todas — and has a neuter todo for unnamed things: todo es posible, eso es todo. Remember that todo el mundo means "everybody" and takes a SINGULAR verb: todo el mundo lo sabe.

él · ella — formas propias pronombre personal · he, she, they (third-person subject pronoun)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	él	ella
Plural	ellos	ellas

él carries a tilde (tilde diacrítica) precisely to keep it apart from the article el: el libro es de él. The others need none: ella, ellos, ellas. A mixed group takes the masculine plural — one man among a hundred women is still ellos. Because the verb ending already marks the person, these subject pronouns are normally left out; they appear for contrast or emphasis (yo trabajo, él descansa) and after prepositions (para él, con ella, sin ellos). As objects the forms change completely: lo/la/los/las for the direct object, le/les for the indirect one — and le/les becomes se before another l-pronoun: le di el libro but se lo di. When two clitics meet, the indirect one comes first (me lo dio, se me olvidó). The RAE accepts leísmo, using le for a masculine singular PERSON (a Juan le vi ayer), but not laísmo (*la dije) or loísmo (*lo dije un regalo).

yo · nosotros — invariable en singular pronombre personal · I / we (first-person subject pronoun)

Forma	Masculino	Femenino
Singular	yo	yo
Plural	nosotros	nosotras

The first person shows gender only in the plural: yo is one single form for a man or a woman, but nosotros / nosotras split — and nosotras is used only when every member of the group is female (one man makes it nosotros again). The same holds for the second person in Spain: tú for everyone, vosotros / vosotras in the plural; Latin America uses ustedes for both, with third-person plural verb forms. After most prepositions yo becomes mí (para mí, sin mí) and con + mí fuses into conmigo (con + ti = contigo); a few prepositions keep yo and tú instead — según tú, entre tú y yo. Note the tildes: tú the pronoun versus tu the possessive, mí the pronoun versus mi the possessive — nosotros and nosotras take none.